The PANDA experiment has a great potential to test QCD in the low momentum transfer region with unprecedented accuracy by performing very precise hadron spectroscopy. To achieve this goal the resonance scan method will be used to determine the mass and width of variety of hadronic states. This technique requires a precise knowledge of the luminosity. This thesis develops the conceptual design of the detector allowing to measure the absolute luminosity with about 3% precision. The detector concept is based on the measurement of elastically scattered antiprotons from the interaction region in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region. Due to the finite beam emittance and the finite size of the interaction volume, the track of the antiproton has to be reconstructed in the luminosity monitor, and not just one point. The detector will located between z = +10 m and z= +13 m downstream of the interaction point and will consist of four planes of four sensors each covering the polar angular range of 2.8 < theta < 7.5 mrad. The performance study of this detector is one of the main topics of this thesis. These studies were done using Monte Carlo simulations within the PandaRoot framework and the results were compared with the measured data obtained from the tracking station beam test performed at COSY with proton beams. This work then addressed the question of how the performance of the luminosity monitor effects the determination of the mass and width measurements of X(3872) state using the full PANDA setup. The measurements were performed for three different assumed widths. The influences of the signal to background ratio and the uncertainty on the luminosity were investigated.

The development of a system for optical tracking of frozen hydrogen microsphere targets (pellets) was done. It is intended for the upcoming hadron physics experiment PANDA at FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany. Knowledge of the interaction position, obtained with this system, will improve background rejection, precision of particle track reconstruction and will also help distinguish between primary and secondary vertices. Investigations of pellet detection conditions and pellet stream parameters were performed at Uppsala Pellet Test Station located at The Svedberg Laboratory. Various illumination and detection conditions were checked and optimized. The gained knowledge has been used to develop Monte Carlo procedures simulating experiments with pellets. Then simulations of pellet tracking were carried out including the constraints from the PANDA setup. The performance of the tracking was checked for various pellet stream and pellet detection conditions. Two procedures of pellet track reconstruction were developed – a fast procedure and a high efficiency procedure. The studies were done for one tracking section (just below pellet generator) and for two sections (the second just above pellet dump) and showed that the resolution of the tracking system can be better than 100 μm (sigma) in each direction and that the interaction point will be reconstructed for 70-95% of hadronic events, for suitable pellet stream and detection conditions. Usage of pellet tracking information in the hadronic data analysis was discussed, concerning the data taking, particle track reconstruction together with the PANDA micro vertex detector, hadronic event classification and treatment of the various classes. Test measurements with the WASA setup at FZJ, Jülich, Germany were done to check how the information about the number of pellets in the accelerator beam region can be used in the hadronic data analysis. Instantaneous rates of WASA "elastic" triggers were used for classification of hadronic events as coming from pellets or from a background. The study clearly showed that one can distinguish between the two event classes. The study gave experience in using two different systems synchronized with each other – the experiment's DAQ and another system that works with a much longer time scale – similar to the pellet tracking system.

This technical design report (TDR) illustrates the technical layout and the expected performance of the luminosity detector (LMD) in the PANDA spectrometer. PANDA is an experiment performing physics measurements in the high energy store ring (HESR) antiproton beam impinging on a crossing material target. The LMD will reconstruct elastically scattered antiproton tracks to monitor the relative luminosity and to extract the absolute luminosity mainly for absolute cross section measurements. We expect to determine the luminosity with a precision better than 3%. However the accuracy of the systematic uncertainties coming from the extraction method are expected to be better than 0.1%. This document is divided into 7 chapters. First we motivate shortly the PANDA experiment and its setup. Important aspects, specially of the FAIR accelerator complex, the PANDA target system and the PANDA magnet setup, are pointed out from the view of the LMD as a basis for the understanding of the LMD design and the expected performance. The principles of the term luminosity and its measurement are topics of the Chapter 2. The fundamental understanding of antiproton proton elastic scattering is the basis for the high precision extraction of the luminosity. The physics model is discussed which is parametrized with experimental data. It is currently therefore the main source for the systematical uncertainty and limiting the expected precision. Moreover concepts of existing luminosity monitoring systems and benefits of a machine independent measurement are explained to motivate a new type of luminosity detector for the PANDA experiment. Chapter 3 digs then into details of the technical design which is driven by all the constraints from preceding chapters. The emphasis is put on the construction and operation of the LMD. The motivation for special solutions is kept short and referenced to results from our R&D process written down in later sections. Hardware results from our R&D phase are put into chapter 4. This chapter presents our proof of concept and discusses the status of our mechanical and electronic design studies. The corresponding software analysis framework is explained in chapter 5. Up to now the performance of the detector can only be estimated based on MC simulation studies which are treated off in this chapter as well. All complications which we expect in the process of luminosity extraction are listed here and the influence on our final accuracy is estimated. As an integral part of a TDR our time lines as well as our human, material and financial resources are discussed in chapter 6.